Institution categories

The following section briefly presents the key characteristics and bibliometric indicators for eight institution categories, as well as the institutions that achieved the highest values. The data refers to the last 5-year period of this study, 2006-2010.

Universities

Number and share of (%) publications: The greatest number of publications in the category "Universities" was attributed to the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The National & Kapodistrian University of Athens accounted for 11,919 publications and had a share of 27.1%, while the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki accounted for 8,932 and had a share of 20.3%. The University of Patras (11.7%) had a share higher than 10%, with the National Technical University of Athens coming very close to that percentage (9.8%) .

Change in the number of publications: Between 2006 and 2010, there was a rise in the number of publications in 18 out of 21 Universities. & Universities showed a rate of change above the average rate for the “Universities” category (the University of Western Macedonia, the University of the Peloponnese, the Ionian University, the Harokopio University of Athens, the University of Piraeus, the Athens University of Economics and Business and the University of Macedonia of Economic and Social Sciences).

Percentage (%) of cited publications: This indicator was higher than the Greek average (65.6%) for the publications of the University of Crete (74.7%), the Technical University of Crete (71.4), the Agricultural University of Athens (71.4%), the Harokopio University of Athens (69.9%), the University of Ioannina (69.9%), the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens (68.9%), the University of Patras (68.9%), the University of Thessaly (67.3%) and the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (66.1).

Number and share (%) of citations: The higher number of citations was attributed to Universities with the higher number of publications -the National & Kapodistrian University and the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki-. The former had 68,680 citations and a share of 31.3% in the total Universities' citations, while the latter had 40,063 publications and a share of 18.2%.

Citation impact indicators*: The Technical University of Crete, the University of Crete, the Harokopio University of Athens and the University of Ioannina ranked first, exceeding the world average (1,26, 1,17, 1,17 and 1,12 respectively).

Major scientific fields and impact of publications*: “Natural Sciences” was the scientific field where the majority of Universities (18 out of 21) produce systematically publications. The highest citation score (1.25) was achieved by the publications produced by the Technical University of Crete. Publications with an impact higher than the world average, defined as 1, were attributed to the University of Crete (with a citation score of 1.19), the University of the Peloponnese (1.09), the Harokopio University of Athens (1.08), the University of Ioannina (with a citation score of 1.05) and the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens (1.01). The citation scores for the National Technical University of Athens (0.98), the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (0.95), the University of Thessaly (0.93) and the University of Patras (0.91) were notably high, approaching the world average.

‘Engineering and Technology’ was also a well represented field with publications coming from 16 Universities. In this field, the impact of publications was above the world average for the University of Crete (citation score:1.65), the University of Macedonia (1.54), the University of Western Macedonia (1.28), the Technical University of Crete (1.27), the Agricultural University of Athens (1.27), the National Technical University of Athens (1.18), the University of Piraeus (1.17), the University of Ioannina (1.12), the University of Patras (1,11), the University of the Aegean (1.10), the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (1.08) and the University of Thessaly (1.06).

Publications in the field ‘Medical and Health Sciences’ came from 12 Universities. Universities with the highest ranking in the field were: the Harokopio University of Athens (1.23), the University of Ioannina (1.20), the University of Crete (1.08), the Technical University of Crete (1.05) and the University of the Aegean (1.03).

In “Agricultural Sciences” 10 Universities were active, with high citation scores during 2006-2010. Publications with the highest field-normalised citation score were those of the University of Patras (1.65), the Harokopio University of Athens (1.21) and the National Technical University of Athens (1.14), the University of Ioannina (1.11), the National & Kapodistrian University of Athens (1.09), the Agricultural University of Athens (1.09) and the University of Crete (1.02).

Eighteen Universities were active in terms of the number of publications they produced in the field of “Social Sciences”. The Universities with citation scores above the world average were the Technical University of Crete (1.25) and the Agricultural University of Athens (1.01), while the University of Ioannina's citation score was the same as the world average (1.00).

Finally, two Universities were systematically involved in publications in the field of “Humanities”, while publications from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki had the highest citation score (1.66).

Scientific Collaboration: The degree of international collaboration was generally low. It was also observed that Universities had low degrees of collaborations. In this category, the National Technical University of Athens ranked first (44.4%). Publications produced under international collaboration by Universities lagged behind those produced by other Greek institutions. Eight (out of 21 Universities) showed the sharpest pattern of association with national institutions in publications (50%), whereas, in terms of international collaborations, only the publications of the Univeristy of Crete and the University of Western Macedonia exceeded 40%.

ΤΕΙ

Number and share of (%) publications: Among all TEIs in the country, the TEIs of Athens, Crete and Thessaloniki produced the greatest number of publications. During the last 5-year period of the study, the ranking of TEIs in terms of the number of publications and the share in the total number of publications in the relevant category is as follows: ΤΕΙ of Athens 682 (23.8%), ΤΕΙ of Crete 409 (14.3%), ΤΕΙ of Thessaloniki 374 (13%). The shares of the rest of TEIs was less than 10%.

Change in the number of publications: Between 2006 and 2010, 14 out of 16 TEIs accounted for notable growth in their publication figures. However, their annual output of scientific publications remained relatively low and variable over time.

Percentage (%) of cited publications: During the five years 2006-2010, the publications in TEIs of Ionian Islands (68.8%), Crete (67.5%), Kalamata (65.7) achieved a percentage of cited publications which is greater than the average for Greece.The publications of the TEI of Epirus followed with 63,6%.

Number and share (%) of citations: The following TEIs had the highest number of citations and shares of citations in the category: Crete (24.5%; 1,987 citations), Athens (19.3%; 1,567 citations), Thessaloniki (10%; 808 citations), Western Macedonia (7.1%; 573 citations), Larissa (6.8%; 554 citations), Patras (6.2%; 505 citations) and Piraeus (6.2%; 501 citations). The remaining TEIs had shares below 5%.

Citation impact indicators*: Regarding citation impact indicators, the TEI of Crete (1.09), ASPETE (1.06) and the TEI of Patras (1.03) were above the world average, while the TEIs of West Macedonia (0.95) and Piraeus (0.91) –although high–, did not exceed the world baseline.

Major scientific fields and impact of publications*:  Fourteen out of the sixteen TEIs produced publications in the field of “Natural Sciences”. The publications of the TEIs of Kavala (field-normalised citation score: 1.04) and Crete (1.03) had the highest impact. The ΤΕΙs of Lamia (0.99), Patras (0.96) and Epirus (0.94) were close to the world average.  

Eleven TEIs were systematically active in the scientific field “Engineering & Technology”. The field-normalised citation scores of publications for the TEI of Crete (1.25), ASPETE (1.18), and the TEIs of Patras (1.15), Western Macedonia (1.15), Piraeus (1.12) and Serres (1.11) surpassed the world average.

In “Medical & Health Sciences” six TEIs produced publications. Those coming from the TEI of Patras had a citation score equal to the world average.

“Agricultural Sciences” was the field linked to the publishing profile of 6 TEIs whose field normalised citation scores were below the world average.

In the scientific field of “Social Sciences” systematically active were the TEIs of Athens and Thessaloniki.

Scientific Collaboration: The number of joint publications was higher with domestic partners than with international partners. More than 55% of co-publications were recorded with national partners for all TEIs; the ΤΕΙ of Kalamata had the highest ranking (88.9%). The TEI of Western Macedonia (10.6%) and the TEI of Lamia (39.7%) accounted for the lowest and the highest share of publications with international partnerships, respectively, while the TEI of Piraeus (32.2%) ranked first for the number of publications without collaboration.

Research Centers supervised by GSRT

Number and share of (%) publicatiions: The top performing institutions in terms of published output were the "Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas" (FORTH) and the National Center of Scientific Research, DEMOKRITOS. During the 5-year period 2006-2010, FORTH had 2,047 publications and participated in 30.7% of the publications in the category “GSRT Research Centers” and NCSR DEMOKRITOS had 2,004 publications, participating in 30% of the publications in this category. As for the remaining Research Centers, their share accounted for less than 10%.

Change in the number of publications: Comparing the rate at which the number of publications changed from 2006 to 2010, we note that 10 Research Centers had a positive trend over time while the number of publications for the Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", The Center for Research and Technology Hellas, ATHENA, the Hellenic Pasteur Institute and the Hellenic Center for Marine Research was above the average for Institutions in that category.

Percentage (%) of cited publications: This figure was high for all Research Centers, ranging from 67.4% to 83%, and being above the Greek average of 65.6%.

Number and share (%) of citations: FORTH had 15,758 citations and a share of 36% in the total citations of the category, NCSR DEMOKRITOS had 12,229 citations and a share of 27.9%, and NHRF had 4,750 citations and a share of 10.8%. As for the remaining Research Centers, their shares amounted to less than 10%.

Citation impact indicators*: Nine out of twelve GSRT Research Centers presented high citation scores of their publications, approaching or exceeding the global average. The relatively low number of publications by the Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" accounted for the highest citation score (1.69) which was followed by that of the Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (1.30) and that of the Center of Research and Technology Hellas (1.29). The citation score of the following Centers was also high: The Center for Research And Technology Thessaly (citation score: 1.18), the National Observatory of Athens (1.16), the Hellenic Center for Marine Research (1.12), the National Center of Scientific Research DEMOKRITOS (1.11), ATHENA (1.08) and the Hellenic Pasteur Institute (citation score: 1.00). Moreover, the National Hellenic Research Foundation (0.96) scored close to the world average.

Major scientific fields and impact of publications*: The field-normalised citation score seems to climb towards or above the world average in the majority of publications by Research Centers.

In the field of “Natural Sciences”, the number of publications came from 10 of the 12 Research Centers. The Centers with a field-normalised citation score ranging from 0.78 to 1.54 were:  B.S.R.C. Fleming (1.54), FORTH (1.21), HCMR (1.12), CERTH (1.09), NOA (1.08), NCSR DEMOKRITOS (1.07), ATHENA (1.00), NHRF (0.95), CE.RE.TE.TH. (0.83) and PASTEUR (0.78).

Six Research Centers were active in the scientific field “Engineering & Technology”. The publications with an impact higher than the world average baseline were those of NOA (field-normalised citation score: 1.56), CERTH (1.51), FORTH (1.39), NCSR DEMOKRITOS (1.16), while those of HCMR and NHRF were close to it (0.97 and 0.91).

The higher volume of publication output in “Medical & Health Sciences” came from 6 Research Centers. The publications of all Research Centers rated, in terms of impact, above the world average baseline: B.S.R.C. Fleming (1.86), FORTH (1.62), CERTH (1.31), CE.RE.TE.TH and HPI (1.40 each) and NHRF and NCSR DEMOKRITOS (1.08 each).

In “Social Sciences” only FORTH produce systematically publications, whereas no Reserach Centers are systematically active in the scientific fields of “Agricultural Sciences” and “Humanities”.

Scientific Collaboration: The networking activity, in terms of the number of publications with partnerships, was high for the majority of Research Centers. GSRT Research Centers present a high degree of international co-authorship and have only a few publications without partnerships. Publications with international collaboration were higher than those with Greek-based institutions in the case of four Research Centers (B.S.R.C. Fleming, NOA, NHRF and and HCMR). B.S.R.C. Fleming showed the sharpest pattern of association with international institutions (69%). HCMR (48.6%) and CE.RE.TE.TH (89.5%) accounted for the lowest and highest share of publications with national collaboration, respectively.

Other Public Research Institutions

Number and share of (%) publications:  The National Agricultural Research Foundation and the Academy of Athens stood out in this category with a number of publications of 692 and 652 respectively. These were followed by the Benaki Phytopathological Institute (166), the Research Academic Computer Technology Institute (111), the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (89), the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (73), the Center for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving (39), the Center of Planning and Economic Research (38) and the Institute of Engineering Seismology & Earthquake Engineering (30).

Change in the number of publications: Regarding the rate at which the number of publications changed from 2006 to 2010, we note that there was growth (rate of change >1) for ΚΕPΕ, Academy of Athens, IGME, BPI, MAICH and ΙΤSΑΚ.

Percentage (%) of cited publications: CRES (79.5%), the Academy of Athens (75.5%), MAICH (73) and ΙΤSΑΚ (70%) presented a higher performance than the world average (65.6%).

Number and share (%) of citations: During 2006-2010, the Academy of Athens had 4,455 citations, the National Agricultural Research Foundation had 2,305, MAICH 478, BPI 370, RA-CTI 329, CRES 181, IGME 173, ITSAK 82 and KEPE 56. 

Citation impact indicators*: The values of the field-normalised citation score were above the world average in the case of the small number of publications ITSAK (1.27), the publications of the Academy of Athens (1.13), and the small number of publications of MAICH (1.03).

Major scientific fields and impact of publications*: In the area of “Natural Sciences”, the Academy of Athens, the National Agricultural Research Foundation, IGME, BPI, MAICH and RA-CTI accounted for the highest number of publications. The field-normalised citation score was above the world average for the Academy of Athens (citation score: 1.13).

Four Public Research Institutions were active in the scientific field “Engineering & Technology” (CRES, National Agricultural Research Foundation, the Academy of Athens and RA-CTI. The field-normalised citation score was high for the Academy of Athens (citation score: 1.11), with the score for CRES coming close to the world average (0.94).

The higher volume of publication output in “Medical & Health Sciences” came from the Academy of Athens and the National Agricultural Research Foundation. The field-normalised citation score (1.09) for the Academy of Athens exceeded the world baseline average.

In “Agricultural Sciences” three Institutions were active: MAICH (with a citation score above the world average: 1.16),  BPI and the National Agricultural Research Foundation.

Scientific Collaboration:  The degree of coauthorship was high for all 9 Research Centers. National collaboration dominated: more than 50% of co-publications were recorded with national partners for all Research Institutions; the Research Academic Computer Technology Institute has the highest ranking (90.1%). RA-CTI (34.8%) and the Academy of Athens (53.7%) account for the lowest and the highest share of publications with international partnerships.

Public Health Institutions

Number and share of (%) publications: This study provides analytical bibliometric data for 16 institutions. The volume of articles published by the Evaggelismos Hospital in Athens (EVAGGELISMOS) was consistently the highest in the "Public Health Institutions" category over the period 1996-2010 (722 publications and a share of 9.1%).

Change in the number of publications The rate of change in publication output in the "Public Health Institutions" category, between 2006 and 2010, was higher for the following hospitals: the SOTIRIA General Hospital of Athens (SOTIRIA), the G. PAPAGEORGIOU General Hospital (G. PAPAGEORGIOU), KORGIALENIO-BENAKIO Hospital of Athens (KORGIALENIO), the G. Papanikolaou General Hospital of Thessaloniki (G. PAPANIKOLAOU), the TZANEIO General Hospital (TZANEIO), the G. Gennimatas General Hospital of Athens (G. GENNIMATAS),  the Hospitals supervised by Ministry of National Defence (MOD HOSPITALS) and the "Aghia Sophia" Children’s Hospital (AGHIA SOPHIA).

Percentage (%) of cited publications: Throughout the period 1996-2010, the number of citations of publications produced by the hospitals was high in all cases and varied from 51.6% (for the G. PAPAGEORGIOU General Hospital G. PAPAGEORGIOU) to 74.6% (for the Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center O.C.S.C.). 

Number and share (%) of citations: An examination of citation score and the share of citations for each institution in the “Public Health Institutions” category in the period 2006-2010 showed that the Evaggelismos Hospital of Athens- EVAGGELISMOS- (3,212 citations and share of 8.8%) came first.

Citation score indicators*: The citation score of SOTIRIA General Hospital of Athens and the IPPOKRATIO General Hospital of Athens (1.06 and 1.03) were the highest and above the world average. Other hospitals with citation scores above 0.90 were the G. Papanikolaou General Hospital of Thessaloniki (0.99) and the "Aghia Sophia" Children’s Hospital (0.98).

Major scientific fields and impact of publications*: Public health institutions were mostly active in the scientific field “Medical & Health Sciences”. In this field, the publications with the highest impact were those of SOTIRIA (0.98), AGHIA SOPHIA (0.98), G. PAPANIKOLAOU (0.97) and IPPOKRATIO ATHENS (0.96).

A lower number of publications was recorded in the field of “Natural Sciences”, where 11 hospitals were active. The following hospitals had the publications with the highest score in the field: SOTIRIA (1.38), IPPOKRATIO ATHENS (1.22), G. PAPANIKOLAOU (1.11), G. GENNIMATAS (1.07) and LAIKO (1.02).

Scientific Collaboration:  The majority of publications result from national collaborations, occurring in over 70% of total publications, as is the case for the Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus (ΤΖΑΝΕΙΟ) (79.7%). The share of publications produced as a result of international collaboration was much lower and ranged from 12.7% (ΤΖΑΝΕΙΟ) to 31.8% (the Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center).

Private Health Institutions

Number and share of (%) publications: The top performing institutions in terms of published output were the HENRY DUNANT hospital (HENRY DUNANT) (with 67 publications), HYGEIA Group (Hygeia) (44), the Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS) (41), IASO hospital (23), METROPOLITAN hospital (20), St. Luke's Hospital St. LUKE (16), EUROCLINIC Group (15), the Ηellenic Cooperative Oncology Group - HeCOG (15) and the Athens Medical Group (12).

 Change in the number of publications: The rate of change in the publications of St. Luke’s Hospital (St. LUKE) and the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG) exceeded that of the category “Private Health Institutions”, between the years 2006 and 2010. An increase in the number of publications occurred also in the cases of IASO, METROPOLITAN and EUROCLINIC Group.

Percentage (%) of cited publications: In the period 2006-2010, the Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), the HENRY DUNANT hospital (HENRY DUNANT), the EUROCLINIC Group, the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG), and METROPOLITAN accounted for a share of 85.1%, 78.8%, 73.1%, 72.3% and 71.8%, respectively, exceeding the Greek average of 65.6%.

Number and share (%) of citations: As regards the citations and the share of citations of the category “Private Health Institutions”, the HENRY DUNANT hospital (HENRY DUNANT) ranks first over the period 2006-2010, with 6,145 citations and a share of 53.6%, and is followed by the Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences (AIBS), accounting for 3,351 citations and a share of 29.2%, the HYGEIA Group, with 1,290 citations and a share of 11.2% and METROPOLITAN, with 1,010 citations and a share of 8.8%. The rest institutions in the category accounted for a share of less than 5% of the citations (Figure 9.2.3).

Citation impact indicators*: The citation score was the highest for the HENRY DUNANT hospital - HENRY DUNANT (1.88), the Alfa Institute of Biomedical Sciences - AIBS (1.56) and METROPOLITAN (1.41), surpassing the world average.

Major scientific fields and impact of publications*: Private Health Institutions were principally active in the scientific field “Medical & Health Sciences”. The publications with a score higher than the world average baseline were those of HENRY DUNANT (citation score 2.10),  AIBS (1.62) and METROPOLITAN (1.47).

In the field of “Natural Sciences”, there was a low number of publications, mainly from AIBS and HENRY DUNANT, which recorded a field-normalised citation score of 1.41 and 1.05 respectively.

Scientific Collaboration: There was a high share of publications resulting from national and international collaboration, with the highest score being recorded in the cases of METROPOLITAN (90%) and AIBS (93.3%), respectively.

 

The indicator refers to the impact (field normalised citation score) for the total publications output of each Public Health Institution. In chapter 8, you can find detailed information regarding publications in each major scientific field (per Public Health Institution).

 

The field-normalised citation score was calculated only for Public Health Institutions with more than 75 publications for the period 1996-2010, which is more than 5 publications per year.

 

The indicator refers to the impact (field normalised citation score) for the total publications output of each Private Health Institution. In chapter 9, you can find detailed information regarding publications in each major scientific field (per Private Health Institution).

 

The field-normalised citation score was calculated only for Private Health Institutions with more than 75 publications for the period 1996-2010, which is more than 5 publications per year.

 

The indicator refers to the impact (field normalised citation score) for the total publications output of each University. In chapter 4, you can find detailed information regarding publications in each major scientific field (per University).

 

The field-normalised citation score was calculated only for Universities  with more than 75 publications for the period 1996-2010, which is more than 5 publications per year.

 

The indicator refers to the impact (field normalised citation score) for the total publications output of each TEI. In chapter 5, you can find detailed information regarding publications in each major scientific field (per TEI).

 

The field-normalised citation score was calculated only for TEIs with more than 50 publications for the period 1996-2010.

 

The indicator refers to the impact of (field normalised citation score) for the total publications output of each Research Center. In chapter 6, you can find detailed information regarding publications in each major scientific field (per Research Center).

 

The field-normalised citation score was calculated only for Research Centers with more than 75 publications for the period 1996-2010, which is more than 5 publications per year.

 

The indicator refers to the impact (field normalised citation score) for the total publications output of each Public Research Institution. In chapter 7, you can find detailed information regarding publications in each major scientific field (per Public Research Institution).

 

The field-normalised citation score was calculated only for Public Research Institutions with more than 75 publications for the period 1996-2010, which is more than 5 publications per year.

 

The indicator refers to the impact (field normalised citation score) for the total publications output of each Public Health Institution. In chapter 8, you can find detailed information regarding publications in each major scientific field (per Public Health  Institution).

 

The field-normalised citation score was calculated only for Public Health Institutions with more than 75 publications for the period 1996-2010, which is more than 5 publications per year.

 

The indicator refers to the impact (field normalised citation score) for the total publications output of each Private Health Institution. In chapter 9, you can find detailed information regarding publications in each major scientific field (per Private Health Institution).

 

The field-normalised citation score was calculated only for Private Health Institutions with more than 75 publications for the period 1996-2010, which is more than 5 publications per year.